ADF

Allied Democratic Forces, Ugandan-led supposedly Muslim-extremist rebel movement

CNDP

Congres National pour le Défense du Peuple, ‘Rwandophone’ rebel movement

DDR

Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of ex-combatants

DPKO

UN Department for Peacekeeping Operations

DRC

Democratic Republic of Congo

FARDC

Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo, Congolese armed forces

FDLR

Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Rwanda, former interahamwe extremist Hutu movement originating in Rwanda

FNL

Forces Nationales pour la Libération, Burundian rebel movement

GoDRC

Government of the DRC

I4S/ISSSS

International Security and Stabilization Support Strategy

M23

Mouvement du 23 Mars, ‘Rwandophone’ rebel movement named after the 23rd March 2009 accords between the DRC and Rwanda

Mayi-mayi

Collective name for Congolese community-based ‘self-defence’ groups

MONUC

Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies au République Démocratique du Congo, UN peacekeeping mission (1999-2010)

MONUSCO

Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation de la République Démocratiquee du Congo, successor of MONUC (2010-present)

NGO

Non-governmental organisation

PNC

Police Nationale Congolaise, Congolese police force

PNDDR

Programme National pour le Désarmement, Démobilisation et Réintégration, for the DDR of ex-combatants

PSCF

Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework, signed in 2013 between the states that make up the Great Lakes Region

SADC

South African Development Community

SRSG

Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, head of the peacekeeping mission

SSR

Security Sector Reform

STAREC

Programme de Stabilisation et de Reconstruction des zones sortant des conflits armées, Congolese government’s stabilization plan

TCCs

Troop contributing countries to peacekeeping missions